{"id":4245,"date":"2025-10-27T10:59:04","date_gmt":"2025-10-27T10:59:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/172-234-197-23.ip.linodeusercontent.com\/?page_id=4245"},"modified":"2025-10-27T10:59:04","modified_gmt":"2025-10-27T10:59:04","slug":"safety-budgets-for-rf-neuromodulation-closed-loop-power-minimization-with-reinforcement-learning","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/neurosphere-2.tail52f848.ts.net\/wordpress\/?page_id=4245","title":{"rendered":"Safety Budgets for RF Neuromodulation: Closed-Loop Power Minimization with Reinforcement Learning"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div data-wp-interactive=\"core\/file\" class=\"wp-block-file\"><object data-wp-bind--hidden=\"!state.hasPdfPreview\" hidden class=\"wp-block-file__embed\" data=\"https:\/\/neurosphere-2.tail52f848.ts.net\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Safety-Budgets-for-RF-Neuromodulation-bgilbert1984.pdf\" type=\"application\/pdf\" style=\"width:100%;height:600px\" aria-label=\"Embed of Safety Budgets for RF Neuromodulation bgilbert1984.\"><\/object><a id=\"wp-block-file--media-4b971426-a412-45cd-9fb3-cea44abc0107\" href=\"https:\/\/neurosphere-2.tail52f848.ts.net\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Safety-Budgets-for-RF-Neuromodulation-bgilbert1984.pdf\">Safety Budgets for RF Neuromodulation bgilbert1984<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/neurosphere-2.tail52f848.ts.net\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Safety-Budgets-for-RF-Neuromodulation-bgilbert1984.pdf\" class=\"wp-block-file__button wp-element-button\" download aria-describedby=\"wp-block-file--media-4b971426-a412-45cd-9fb3-cea44abc0107\">Download<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Radio-frequency (RF) neuromodulation systems require careful balance between therapeutic efficacy and patient<br>safety, particularly regarding specific absorption rate (SAR)<br>exposure limits. This paper presents a constrained reinforcement<br>learning approach for closed-loop beamforming that minimizes<br>SAR while maintaining neuromodulation utility. Using primaldual optimization, our method learns policies that respect safety<br>budgets through adaptive Lagrange multipliers. Experimental<br>results demonstrate that beamforming with learned constraints<br>reduces SAR by up to 40% compared to omnidirectional transmission while preserving 85% of maximum ratio transmission<br>(MRT) utility. We derive safety envelopes showing the fundamental tradeoff between SAR constraints and achievable performance, providing guidance for clinical safety protocol design. The<br>approach generalizes to multi-beam arrays and complex tissue<br>models, enabling practical deployment in therapeutic RF systems.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Radio-frequency (RF) neuromodulation systems require careful balance between therapeutic efficacy and patientsafety, particularly regarding specific absorption rate (SAR)exposure limits. This paper presents a constrained reinforcementlearning approach for closed-loop beamforming that minimizesSAR while maintaining neuromodulation utility. Using primaldual optimization, our method learns policies that respect safetybudgets through adaptive Lagrange multipliers. Experimentalresults demonstrate that beamforming with learned&hellip;&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":3367,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"neve_meta_sidebar":"","neve_meta_container":"","neve_meta_enable_content_width":"","neve_meta_content_width":0,"neve_meta_title_alignment":"","neve_meta_author_avatar":"","neve_post_elements_order":"","neve_meta_disable_header":"","neve_meta_disable_footer":"","neve_meta_disable_title":"","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-4245","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/neurosphere-2.tail52f848.ts.net\/wordpress\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/4245","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/neurosphere-2.tail52f848.ts.net\/wordpress\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/neurosphere-2.tail52f848.ts.net\/wordpress\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/neurosphere-2.tail52f848.ts.net\/wordpress\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/neurosphere-2.tail52f848.ts.net\/wordpress\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=4245"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/neurosphere-2.tail52f848.ts.net\/wordpress\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/4245\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/neurosphere-2.tail52f848.ts.net\/wordpress\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/3367"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/neurosphere-2.tail52f848.ts.net\/wordpress\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=4245"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}